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rptg;G> ngl;NuhYk; - kdpj uj;jKk;

(,uhf; Nghupd; fhuzq;fs;)

'' tsq;nfhopf;Fk; ,uhf;fpd; vz;nza; tay;fs; Nkw;fj;jpa cyfpd; fz;izg; gwpf;fpwJ ""

,uhf; kPJ jhf;Fjy; elj;jp rjhk; `_irid tPo;j;jptpl;L Gjpa Ml;rpia Vw;gLj;j mnkupf;fh Jbg;gNjd;? ,jw;fhd tpiliaj; jUfpwJ yz;ld; ilk;]; ,jopy; [_iy 11 k; Njjp gpuRukhd fl;Liu.

ikf;Nfy; jpNahJ}Y

Nuhyhe;J tpy;rd;.

,uhf; mjpgu; rjhk; `_irid gjtpapypUe;J mfw;WtJ ,uhf;fpd; nropg;ghd Gjpa vz;nza; tsq;fis Nkw;fj;jpa tzpfu;fSf;F jpwe;JtpLk;. NkYk; rt+jp vz;nza; tsj;ij kl;Lk; rhu;e;jpUf;Fk; epiyiaAk; mJ khw;wp mikj;JtpLk;. ,uhf;fpy; cs;sJNghy; gad;glhj vz;nza; tsq;fs; NtW ve;j ehl;bYk; ,y;iy ,jidg; gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; rt+jp mNugpahtpy; Nkw;fj;jpa ehLfspd; Mjpf;fj;jpdhy; Vw;gLk; gjl;lj;ijf; Fiwf;fTk; KbAk;.

1991y; mnkupf;fh jiyikapyhd gilfs; Fitj;ij tpLtpj;j gpwF NghUf;F gpe;ija eltbf;iffis mnkupf;fh jdJ KOf; fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPo; itj;Jf;nfhz;lJ. Mdhy; xU gilnaLg;G elj;Jtjw;F Kd; ru;NtNjr xj;Jiog;igg; ngw Ntz;Lk; vd;w epiy kPz;Lk; Vw;glhJ.

gpuhd;];> irdh Fwpg;ghf u\;ah cs;gl ghJfhg;Gf; FOtpYs;s midj;J ehLfSk; rjhk; ,y;yhj ,uhf;fpd; nropg;ghd tsj;jpy; jq;fSf;Fk; gupR fpilf;Fk; vd;W vjpu;ghu;f; fpd;wd. mnkupf;fhtpw;Fk; ,e;j ehLfspd; murpay; MjuT Njitg;gLfpwJ.

gaq;fu thjj;jpw;F vjpuhd Nghiuf; fhuzk; fhl;b Mu;bf; gFjpfspy; vz;nza; J}u;g;gzg; gzpfSf;F mjpgu; G\; cj;jpu tpl;lhu;. Mdhy; my];fhtpy; cs;s vz;nza; tsq;fs; tisFlh vz;nza; tsq;fSld; xg;gpLifapy; kiyf;Fk; kLtpw;Fk; cs;s NtWghL Nghy; ,Uf;Fk; vd;W mtu;fs; fzpj;Js;shu;fs;.

mnkupf;fhtpw;F tisFlh gFjpapd; ghJfhg;G mjd; vz;nza; tay;fisg; Nghy; mjp Kf;fpakhdJ vd;W $Wfpwhu; th\pq;ldpYs;s ruNtNjr ,uhZt Ma;T epiyaj;ijr; Nru;e;j me;Njhdp Nfhl;];Nkd;. 2020y; cyf epiyia ehk; cw;W Nehf;FfpNwhk; jw;Nghija epiyiatpl mg;NghJ tisFlh vz;nza; kPjhd ekJ Njit ,Uklq;F mjpfupj;JtpLk; vdNt tisFlh tpd; ghJfhg;G mjpKf;fpakhdJ vd;fpwhu; mtu;.

rjhk; `_irid mfw;WtJ tisFlh KOtjpypUe;Jk; vz;nza; jlq;fypd;wp tUtjw;F ,Uf;Fk; filrpj; jil mfw;wg;gLk; vd;W $Wfpwhu; kpby; <];l; vf;Ndhkpf; ru;Nt vDk; ,jopd; Mrpupau; n[uhy;l; gl;.

,uhf;fpd; iftrk; 112 Nfhb vz;nza; gPg;gha;fs; cs;sd. ,J rt+jp mNugpahtpw;F mLj;j epiyahFk; mjdplk; 265 Nfhb gPg;gha;fs; cs;sd a+. Nf kw;Wk; tl flw;fiuapd; ehu;tP[pad; gFjpapYs;s vz;nza; tsq;fistpl VOklq;F mjpfkhd vz;iz tsk; ,uhf;fplk; cs;sJ. Mdhy; vz;nza; epWtdq;fSf;F ,jidtpl mjpfkhd yhgk; fpilf;Fk; tha;g;Gk; cs;sJ.

njw;F ,uhf;fpy; %d;W ngUk; vz;nza; tay;fs;- k[;D}d; Nkw;F Fu;dh kw;Wk; e`;u; ckupy; cs;sJ ,it Fitj;jpd; vz;nza; cw;gj;jpf;F ,izahf vznza; jUk; tay;fshFk;. ,tw;wpd; Kjypuz;L tay;fspd; cw;gj;jp fj;jhupd; jpdrup cw;gj;jpahd VO yl;rk; gPg;gha;fSf;F ,izahdjhFk; '' cyfpy; NtW vq;Fk; ,JNghy; ,y;iy ,J kpfg; ngUk; guprhFk; "" vd;W $Wfpwhu; n[uhy;l; gl;.

,e;j khngUk; vz;nza; tay; gFjpapy; Nghu; kw;Wk; nghUshjhuj; jilfspd; tpisthf fle;j 20 Mz;Lfshf vt;tpjg; gzpAk; eilngwtpy;iy. ,e;j tay;fspypUe;J vz;nzia vLf;f Vw;gLk; nryTfs; cyfpNyNa kpf;f Fiwthdjhf ,Uf;Fk;. rjhkpw;F gpwFs;s ,uhf;fpy; mikjpia epiy ehl;Ltjpy; mnkupf;fh ntw;wp fz;lhy; Ie;jhz;LfSf;Fs; ,e;j vz;nza; tay;fspy; KO cw;gj;jpiaf; fhzKbAk; mg;NghJ ,uhf;fpd; jpdrup vz;nza; cw;gj;jp vOgJ my;yJ vz;gJ yl;rk; gPg;ghia vl;Lk;.

,Ug;gpDk; Ml;rp khw;wk; kl;Lk; ru;tNjr vz;nza; epWtdq; fSf;F ngUk; gaid mspf;fhJ. tYthd kj;jpa muRk; mikjp jtOk; epiyahd ,uhf;Fk; jhd; vz;nza; epWtdq;fSf;F gad;fis mspf;Fk;. mikjpapy;yhj ehLfSf;F epWtdq;fs; nry;y KbahJ. k[;D}id tsg;gLj;j ,uz;L my;yJ %d;whapuk; Nfhb lhyu;fs; Njit. epiyaw;w #oy; epytpdhy; ePq;fs; vg;gbg; gzj;ij KjyPL nra;a Kd; tUtPu;fs;? vd;fpwhu; xU njhopy; Ma;thsu;.

,uhf;

ez;gdhf ,Ue;J giftdhf khwpaf; fhyr;RtL

1920. gpupl;ldpd; Nkw;ghu;itapd; fPo; tUfpwJ ,uhf;.

1932. Rje;jpu ehlhf ,uhf; cjak;.

1937. ryh`_j;jPd; khfhdj;jpd; nlf;uPj; vd;w ,lj;jpy; rjhk; gpwe;jhu;.

1959. n[duy; mg;Jy; fuPk; fh]pik nfhy;tjw;F ele;j Njhy;tp Aw;w Kaw;rpf;fhf rjhk; `_irDf;F J}f;Fj; jz;lid tpjpf;f g;gl;lJ ehl;il tpl;Lj; jg;gpj;J XLfpwhu;.

1963. rjhk; ,uhf;fpw;F jpUk;Gfpwhu; mug;-ghj; Nrh\yp\f; fl;rpapd; cWg;gpduhf Nju;T nra;ag;gLfpwhu;.

1968. ghj; fl;rp elj;jpa mjpubg; Gul;rpapy; m`kJ `]d; my; gf;u; mjpguhfg; nghWg;Ngw;fpwhu;.

1975. my;[pau;]py; eilngw;w vz;nza; Vw;Wkjpahsu;fs; $l;likg;Gf; $l;lj;jpy; vy;iy jfuhWfis KbTf;Ff; nfhzLtUk; cld;ghl;by; ,uhf;Fk; <uhDk; ifnahg;gk; ,l;ld.

1979. <uhdpy; eilngw;w Gul;rp %ykhf mjd; muru; \h ng`;ytpapd; Ml;rp ftpo;f;fg;gl;lJ. ,uhf;fpd; mjpgu; gjtp tpyf rjhk; Gjpa jiytuhfg; nghWg;Ngw;whu;.

1980. ,uhf; - <uhd; Nghu;> rjhkpw;F midj;J tifahd cjtpfisAk; ,g;Nghupd;NghJ mnkupf;fh nra;J nfhLj;jJ.

1988. `yg;[h vd;w FUJ kf;fs; thOk; efupy; urhad MAjq;fis ,uhf; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. <uhDf;Fk; ,uhf;fpw;FkpilNa Nghu; epWj;j cld;ghL Vw;gLfpd;wJ.

1989. ,uhf;fpw;F gpupl;b\; epWtdk; rpy cjpupg;ghfq;fis toq;F fpd;wJ ,jd; Jiznfhz;L ,];Nuiy jhf;Fk; ty;yik nfhz;l MAjq;fis ,uhf; jahupf;fpd;wJ.

1990. Mf];l; 2 Fitj;ij Mf;fpukpf;fpwJ ,uhf;.

Mf];l; 8 Fitj; jd; ehl;Lld; ,ize;J tpl;ljhf mwptpf;fpwJ ,uhf;.

etk;gu; 29 ,uhf;if ntspNaw;w mjw;fhd midj;J topapYk; Fitj;jpw;F cjtpLtJ vd;W I.eh kd;wk; jPu;khdk; epiwNtw;wpaJ.

1991. tisFlhg; Nghu;.

1991. [dtup 16 Mg;Nu\d; nl]u;l;];buhk; vd;w ngaupy; ,uhf; kPJ tpkhd jhf;Fjy; njhlq;fpd.

gpg;utup 24 jiutop Aj;jk; njhlq;fpaJ.

gpg;utup 27 Fitj; kPlfg;gl;lJ.

khu;r; 3 rz;il epWj;jj;jpw;F ,uhf; ,irT njuptpj;jJ.

1991. Fu;J kf;fis ghJfhf;f tlf;F ,uhf;fpy; I.eh ghJfhg;G kz;lyk; mikg;G.

1992. njw;F ,uhf;fpy; tpkhdq;fs; gwf;f jil tpjpf;fg;gl;l gFjpfs; mwptpg;G.

1993. Fitj; nrd;w mnkupf;fh mjpgu; [hu;[; G\;i\(rPdpau;) nfhy;y Kaw;rp ele;jjpd; vjpnuhypahf ghf;jhjpy; cs;s ,uhf;fpd; csTj;Jiw jiyikafk; kPJ mnkupf;fhtpd; VTfidj; jhf;Fjy;.

1995. czT kw;Wk; kUe;jpw;fhf ,uhf; vz;iz Vw;Wkjp nra;a xU Fwpg;gpl;l msT I.eh mDkjp toq;fpaJ.

1998. ,uhf;fpd; MAjq;fisg; gupNrhjpf;f I.eh gupNrhjfu;fis mDg;Gk; jpl;lj;Jld; vt;tpj xj;Jiog;Gk; ,y;iynad;W ,uhf; mwptpg;G mnkupf;fhTk; gpupl;lDk; nl]u;l; ghf;]; vd;w ngaupy; ,uhf;fpd; mZ urhad kw;Wk; capupay; MAjj; jpl;lj;ij mopf;f Fz;Lfis tPrpd.

2000. Gjpa MAj gupNrhjidj; jpl;lj;ij ,uhf; epuhfupj;jJ.

2001. ,uhf;fpd; tpkhdg;gilj;jsq;fs; kPJ mnkupf;fh kw;Wk; gpupl;ld; jhf;Fjy;.

2001. gy muG ehLfSld; ,uhf; ey;Ywit Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;fpwJ.

(rpy fhyk; XusT mikjpahd #o;epiy epytpa ,uhf;fpd; kPJ kPz;Lk; mNkupf;fhtpd; Nfhug;gpb ,wq;fpAs;sd. rpy ehl;fspNyNa ,uhf;if ,y;yhky; Mf;Fk; jpl;lj;jpy; mNkupf;fh ,g;Nghiu Jtq;fpdhYk; jdJ jpl;lk; mj;Jid rPf;fpuk; epiwNtwhJ vd;gij Nghu;Jtf;fj;jpd; XupU ehl;fspNyNa mNkupf;fh Gupe;Jf; nfhz;lJ. ,g;Nghupd; KbT vd;d vd;gijAk; - mjd; tpisTfs; vd;d vd;gijAk; tUq;fhy tuyhWfs; cyfpw;F mwptpf;Fk;)

(jkpo; ,];yhkpa Muha;r;rp Clfk;)